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Carolus Linnaeus significantly advanced biology through his development of a systematic classification system for organisms, known as binomial nomenclature. This system assigns each species a two-part name, consisting of the genus name followed by the species identifier. This approach not only organized biological diversity but also standardized the naming of organisms, making it easier for scientists to communicate about species across different regions and languages.

Linnaeus’s work laid the foundation for modern taxonomy, providing a structured framework that describes relationships among organisms. His system remains in use today, allowing biologists to classify and identify living things clearly and consistently. This contribution was crucial for advancing the field of biology and ensuring precise communication about the vast array of known and unknown species.

The other options present ideas that, while important in their own right, do not represent Linnaeus's primary contributions. The theory of evolution and the concepts of genetic heredity were advanced later by other scientists, and the methods for fossil dating arose from paleontology rather than from Linnaeus's classification work.