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Jupiter's atmosphere is primarily composed of hydrogen, making it the most abundant gas found in this gas giant's clouds and overall atmospheric structure. Hydrogen constitutes about 90% of the planet's atmosphere, while helium accounts for approximately 10%. This hydrogen-rich atmosphere is crucial because it contributes to the planet's immense size and mass, influencing its gravitational pull and the dynamics of its atmospheric phenomena, such as storms and winds.

The significant presence of hydrogen also plays a vital role in the planet's classification as a gas giant, distinguishing it from terrestrial planets, which have solid surfaces and are made up of heavier elements and compounds. Understanding the composition of Jupiter's atmosphere is essential for studying not only the planet itself but also the formation and evolution of gas giants and their characteristics in the broader context of planetary science.