Massachusetts Tests for Educator Licensure (MTEL) Practice Test

Which of the following describes the primary function of mitochondria?

1. Site of photosynthesis in plant cells

2. Conversion of glucose to ATP, providing energy for cells

3. Formation of cell walls in plant cells

4. Storage of genetic information

The correct answer is: Conversion of glucose to ATP, providing energy for cells

The primary function of mitochondria is to convert glucose to adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which provides the energy necessary for various cellular processes. Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because of their crucial role in energy production through cellular respiration. During this process, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen, leading to the synthesis of ATP, which is then utilized by the cell for energy-requiring activities. In contrast, the site of photosynthesis in plant cells is attributed to chloroplasts, not mitochondria. The formation of cell walls is a function associated with plant cells, primarily characterized by structures made of cellulose, which does not involve mitochondria. Additionally, while mitochondria do contain some genetic material, their primary role is not the storage of genetic information but rather the conversion of nutrients into usable energy forms. This distinction emphasizes the specialized functions of mitochondria in the broader context of cellular operations.